An assessment of dietary habits and obesity risk among adolescents in Sokoto State
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Background of the Study
Adolescence is a critical period for establishing lifelong dietary behaviors and physical activity patterns. In Sokoto State, changes in dietary habits among adolescents have emerged as a growing public health concern, particularly in the context of increasing obesity risk. Modern influences, such as the proliferation of fast food, sugary beverages, and processed snacks, have altered traditional dietary practices, leading to higher caloric intake and lower consumption of nutrient-dense foods (Ibrahim, 2024; Adeyemi, 2023). Adolescents, who are highly susceptible to peer influences and targeted marketing, may adopt unhealthy eating habits that contribute to the development of obesity and associated metabolic disorders.
In addition to dietary factors, sedentary lifestyles exacerbated by increased screen time and reduced physical activity are contributing to the obesity epidemic among adolescents in Sokoto State. The shift from active, outdoor play to more sedentary indoor activities has reduced overall energy expenditure, compounding the effects of poor diet. Research indicates that the combination of high-calorie diets and physical inactivity significantly increases obesity risk during adolescence, a critical period for metabolic programming (Chukwu, 2024).
This study aims to assess the dietary habits of adolescents in Sokoto State and evaluate their association with obesity risk. By examining consumption patterns, frequency of fast food intake, and adherence to traditional dietary practices, the research seeks to identify key determinants of obesity among adolescents. The study will also explore the role of socio-economic status, education, and family influence on dietary choices. The findings are expected to inform targeted interventions aimed at promoting healthier eating habits and reducing obesity risk in this vulnerable population.
Statement of the Problem
Obesity among adolescents in Sokoto State is on the rise, driven in part by changing dietary habits that deviate from traditional, nutrient-rich diets. The increasing availability and consumption of energy-dense, nutrient-poor foods have contributed to an imbalance in energy intake versus expenditure, leading to weight gain. This trend is further compounded by a sedentary lifestyle, with many adolescents spending excessive time on digital devices rather than engaging in physical activities (Lawal, 2023).
The lack of awareness about the long-term health consequences of unhealthy eating habits and the influence of aggressive marketing by fast food companies contribute significantly to this public health challenge. Additionally, socio-economic factors, including urbanization and limited access to healthy food options, exacerbate the problem. Despite the growing prevalence of adolescent obesity, there is a paucity of research focusing specifically on dietary habits and their contribution to obesity risk among adolescents in Sokoto State.
This study is essential to identify the key dietary factors associated with increased obesity risk and to understand how modern dietary trends are influencing adolescent health. Addressing these issues is critical for developing targeted nutritional education and intervention programs that can reverse current trends and promote healthier lifestyles among adolescents in Sokoto State.
Objectives of the Study
- To assess the dietary habits of adolescents in Sokoto State.
- To evaluate the relationship between dietary patterns and obesity risk.
- To propose strategies for promoting healthy eating habits among adolescents.
Research Questions
- What are the prevailing dietary habits among adolescents in Sokoto State?
- How are these dietary habits associated with obesity risk?
- What interventions can effectively promote healthier eating habits?
Research Hypotheses
- Unhealthy dietary habits are significantly associated with increased obesity risk among adolescents.
- High consumption of fast food and sugary beverages is positively correlated with obesity prevalence.
- Nutritional education interventions will reduce obesity risk.
Scope and Limitations of the Study
The study focuses on adolescents in selected schools and communities in Sokoto State. Data will be collected via dietary surveys, anthropometric measurements, and focus group discussions. Limitations include potential reporting bias and variability in dietary recall.
Definitions of Terms
- Dietary Habits: Patterns of food and beverage consumption.
- Obesity Risk: The probability of developing obesity based on current lifestyle factors.
- Adolescents: Individuals aged 10 to 19 years.
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